洋葱服务

当浏览一项洋葱服务时，Tor 浏览器会在地址栏展示不同的洋葱图标，来表示当前网站的安全等级。

An onion means:

• The Onion Service is served over HTTP, or HTTPS with a CA-Issued certificate.
• The Onion Service is served over HTTPS with a Self-Signed certificate.

An onion with a red slash means:

• The Onion Service is served with a script from an insecure URL.

An onion with caution sign means:

• The Onion Service is served over HTTPS with an expired Certificate.
• The Onion Service is served over HTTPS with a wrong Domain.
• The Onion Service is served with a mixed form over an insecure URL.

An authenticated onion service is an onion service that requires you to provide an authentication token (in this case, a private key) before accessing the service. The private key is not transmitted to the service, and it's only used to decrypt its descriptor locally. You can get the access credentials from the onion service operator. Reach out to the operator and request access. Learn more about how to use onion authentication in Tor Browser. If you want to create an onion service with client authentication, please see the Client Authorization in the Community portal.

How do I know if I'm using v2 or v3 onion services?

You can identify v3 onion addresses by their 56 character length, e.g. Tor Project's v2 address:http://expyuzz4wqqyqhjn.onion/, and Tor Project's v3 address: http://2gzyxa5ihm7nsggfxnu52rck2vv4rvmdlkiu3zzui5du4xyclen53wid.onion/

If you're an onion service administrator, you must upgrade to v3 onion services as soon as possible. If you're a user, please ensure that you update your bookmarks to the website's v3 onion addresses.

What is the timeline for the v2 deprecation?

In September 2020, Tor started warning onion service operators and clients that v2 will be deprecated and obsolete in version 0.4.6. Tor Browser started warning users in June, 2021.

In July 2021, 0.4.6 Tor will no longer support v2 and support will be removed from the code base.

In October 2021, we will release new Tor client stable versions for all supported series that will disable v2.

You can read more in the Tor Project's blog post Onion Service version 2 deprecation timeline.

Can I keep using my v2 onion address? Can I access my v2 onion after September? Is this a backward-incompatible change?

V2 onion addresses are fundamentally insecure. If you have a v2 onion, we recommend you migrate now. This is a backward incompatible change: v2 onion services will not be reachable after September 2021.

What is the recommendation for developers to migrate? Any tips on how to spread the new v3 addresses to people?

In torrc, to create a version 3 address, you simply need to create a new service just as you did your v2 service, with these two lines:

HiddenServiceDir /full/path/to/your/new/v3/directory/
HiddenServicePort <virtual port> <target-address>:<target-port>

The default version is now set to 3 so you don't need to explicitly set it. Restart tor, and look on your directory for the new address. If you wish to keep running your version 2 service until it is deprecated to provide a transition path to your users, add this line to the configuration block of your version 2 service:

HiddenServiceVersion 2

This will allow you to identify in your configuration file which one is which version.

If you have Onion-Location configured on your website, you need to set the header with your new v3 address. For technical documentation about running onion services, please read the Onion Services page in our Community portal.

I didn't see the announcement, can I get more time to migrate?

No, v2 onion connections will start failing nowish, first slowly, then suddenly. It's time to move away.

Will services start failing to be reached in September, or before already?

Already, introduction points are not in Tor 0.4.6 anymore, so they will not be reachable if relay operators update.

As a website administrator, can I redirect users from my v2 onion to v3?

Yes, it will work until the v2 onion address is unreachable. You may want to encourage users to update their bookmarks.

Are v3 onion services going to help in mitigating DDoS problems?

Yes, we are continuously working on improving onion services security. Some of the work we have in our roadmap is ESTABLISH_INTRO Cell DoS Defense Extension, Res tokens: Anonymous Credentials for Onion Service DoS Resilience, and A First Take at PoW Over Introduction Circuits. For an overview about these proposals, read the detailed blog post How to stop the onion denial (of service).

洋葱服务允许人们匿名的访问和发表信息，包括架设匿名网站。

洋葱服务还被依赖于提供一系列的服务：去元数据式的聊天，文件共享，利用诸如SecureDrop 或洋葱共享 进行的记者之间的互动和资源共享，更安全的软件升级，和更安全的访问如 Facebook 这样网页的渠道。

These services use the special-use top level domain (TLD) .onion (instead of .com, .net, .org, etc.) and are only accessible through the Tor network.

When accessing a website that uses an onion service, Tor Browser will show at the URL bar an icon of an onion displaying the state of your connection: secure and using an onion service.

To learn more about onion services, read How do Onion Services work?

Onion-Location is a new HTTP header that web sites can use to advertise their onion counterpart. If the web site that you're visiting has an onion site available, a purple suggestion pill will prompt at the URL bar saying ".onion available". When you click on ".onion available", the web site will be reloaded and redirected to its onion counterpart. At the moment, Onion-Location is available for Tor Browser desktop (Windows, macOS and GNU/Linux). You can learn more about Onion-Location in the Tor Browser Manual. If you're an onion service operator, learn how to configure Onion-Location in your onion site.

只能通过 Tor 访问的网站称作“洋葱服务”，它们以 .onion 结尾。 比如，DuckDuckGo 的洋葱站点是 https://duckduckgogg42xjoc72x3sjasowoarfbgcmvfimaftt6twagswzczad.onion/。 您可以用 Tor 浏览器访问这些网站。 因为洋葱服务并不能像普通的网站一样被索引，所以必须由网站所有者把洋葱服务的地址分享给你。

If you cannot reach the onion service you desire, make sure that you have entered the 56-character onion address correctly; even a small mistake will stop Tor Browser from being able to reach the site. 如果你仍然无法访问这个洋葱服务，请稍后重试。 有可能是网络连接有出现暂时性阻碍，或者是该网站的管理员在没有提示的情况下关闭了网站。

You can also ensure that you're able to access other onion services by connecting to DuckDuckGo's onion service.

没错！我们洋葱服务的名单可以在 onion.torproject.org 上找到。